Nikmat

1. Habis degree UIA
2. Habis belajar kereta
3. Ada mak ayah & family
4. Koleksi buku bertambah
5. Makan, minum & tidur cukup
6. Laptop baru
7. Ada usrah

Ujian

1. Kene berhenti kerja, sekolah tutup
2. Out of bestfriend
3. Tak lulus exam jpj, litar & jalanraya dua-dua tak lulus
4. Dah nak habis 2018, masih gemok

Teringin nak pergi teater TFTN,

Tak pergi sebab tak ada orang teman & malam

Pandangan Lim Kit Siang, pdf  ICERD, pdf  Piagam Madinah

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Anti-ICERD rally a victory for New Malaysia but a setback for Pakatan Harapan

The peaceful holding of the Anti-ICERD rally in Kuala Lumpur yesterday is a victory for New Malaysia but a setback for Pakatan Harapan.

As the Home Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin rightly said after the rally, it was a demonstration that the Pakatan Harapan government will always respect the rights of the people to speak and assemble peacefully, as long as these rights are practised according to the provisions of the law and the Federal Constitution.

The former UMNO/Barisan Nasional government will never have recognised, respected and upheld the constitutional and democratic right of Malaysians to speak and assemble peacefully, as witnessed what happened to the five Bersih rallies from 2007 to 2016 – Bersih 1 on 10th November 2007, Bersih 2 on 9th July 2011,Bersih 3 on 28th April 2012, Bersih 4 on 29th and 30th 2015 and Bersih 5 on 19th November 2016.

But there is a major hitch – the organisers of the of the Anti-ICERD rally in Kuala Lumpur did not want a New Malaysia, which was born on the historic day of May 9, 2018, to re-set Malaysian nation-building policies to save Malaysia from the trajectory of a rogue democracy, a failed state, a kakistocracy and a global kleptocarcy and awaits Malaysians to give it flesh, blood and soul to be a world top-class nation, united, democratic, just, progressive and prosperous – which may take one or two decades to accomplish.

The organisers of the Anti-ICERD rally came to destroy and not to create a New Malaysia.

I said it was a setback for the Pakatan Harapan to build a New Malaysia because yesterday’s rally would not have happened if the Pakatan Harapan government had handled the ICERD issue better.

As constitutional law expert from the University of Malaya, Professor Shad Faruqi, has stressed, most of the criticisms against ICERD have no legal basis.

He said: “However, as hate and fear are potent weapons in politics, the perpetrators have succeeded in polarising society and raising the spectre of violence.”

As Shad Faruqi has pointed out, ICERD is neither anti-Malay nor against the Malaysian Constitution.

Since yesterday, Malaysia has become the laughing stock of the Muslims in the world, as 99% of the 1.9 billion Muslims of the world live in 179 countries which have ratified ICERD, including 55 of the 57 Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC) nations.

UKM Research fellow, Dr. Denison Jayasooria wrote a good article in Malaysiakini entitled: “Examining Icerd ratification among OIC members”, where he reviewed the ratification by OIC member states, including Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Palestine, and he concluded: “As far as I note none of them has objections or placed reservations in the name of Islam.”

ICERD also does not undermine the power of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to result in the abolition of the system of Malay Sultans.

There are 38 countries with the monarchical system, out of which 36 countries have ratified the ICERD including the United Kingdom in 1969, Norway 1970, Sweden 1971, Denmark 1971, Netherlands 1971, Jordan 1974, Belgium 1975, Japan in 1995, and Saudi Arabia 1997.

There are absolutely no indications that the ratification of ICERD by these 36 countries have undermined the monarchical system as to lead to their abolition.

But as Malaysia is a plural society, it is of utmost importance that the unity and harmony of our diverse races, languages, cultures and religions in Malaysia must be the paramount goal of the nation.

For this reason, Malaysia should not ratify ICERD until the majority of the races and religions in Malaysia are comfortable with it, support it and understand that it poses no threat to the various races, religions or the Federal Constitution but a step forward to join the world in promoting human rights.

The Pakatan Harapan Government should not have allowed the organisers of the anti-ICERD rally to hijack, twist and distort the ICERD debate with the toxic politics of lies, hate, fear, race and religion to incite baseless fears that ICERD is anti-Malay, anti-Islam and anti-Malay Rulers, which camouflaged an agenda to allow those responsible for sending Malaysia into the trajectory of a rogue democracy, a failed state, a kakistocracy and a global kleptocracy to make a political comeback and to destroy efforts to re-set nation-building efforts to create a New Malaysia.

This is a lesson the Pakatan Harapan Government must learn quick and fast, or both Pakatan Harapan and the great vision of a New Malaysia will be destroyed.

(Media Statement by DAP MP for Iskander Puteri Lim Kit Siang in Ipoh on Sunday, December 9, 2018) 

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ini adalah artikel ICERD

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Adopted and opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 2106 (XX) of 21 December 1965

entry into force 4 January 1969, in accordance with Article 19


The States Parties to this Convention, 

Considering that the Charter of the United Nations is based on the principles of the dignity and equality inherent in all human beings, and that all Member States have pledged themselves to take joint and separate action, in co-operation with the Organization, for the achievement of one of the purposes of the United Nations which is to promote and encourage universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, in particular as to race, colour or national origin, 

Considering that all human beings are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of the law against any discrimination and against any incitement to discrimination, 

Considering that the United Nations has condemned colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination associated therewith, in whatever form and wherever they exist, and that the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples of 14 December 1960 (General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)) has affirmed and solemnly proclaimed the necessity of bringing them to a speedy and unconditional end, 

Considering that the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 20 November 1963 (General Assembly resolution 1904 (XVIII)) solemnly affirms the necessity of speedily eliminating racial discrimination throughout the world in all its forms and manifestations and of securing understanding of and respect for the dignity of the human person, 

Convinced that any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere, 

Reaffirming that discrimination between human beings on the grounds of race, colour or ethnic origin is an obstacle to friendly and peaceful relations among nations and is capable of disturbing peace and security among peoples and the harmony of persons living side by side even within one and the same State, 

Convinced that the existence of racial barriers is repugnant to the ideals of any human society, 

Alarmed by manifestations of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas of the world and by governmental policies based on racial superiority or hatred, such as policies of apartheid, segregation or separation, 

Resolved to adopt all necessary measures for speedily eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and manifestations, and to prevent and combat racist doctrines and practices in order to promote understanding between races and to build an international community free from all forms of racial segregation and racial discrimination, 

Bearing in mind the Convention concerning Discrimination in respect of Employment and Occupation adopted by the International Labour Organisation in 1958, and the Convention against Discrimination in Education adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1960, 

 2
Desiring to implement the principles embodied in the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Al l Forms of Racial Discrimination and to secure the earliest adoption of practical measures to that end, 

Have agreed as follows: 

PART I


Article 1 

1. In this Convention, the term "racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

2. This Convention shall not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences made by a State Party to this Convention between citizens and non-citizens. 

3. Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as affecting in any way the legal provisions of States Parties concerning nationality, citizenship or naturalization, provided that such provisions do not discriminate against any particular nationality. 

4. Special measures taken for the sole purpose of securing adequate advancement of certain racial or ethnic groups or individuals requiring such protection as may be necessary in order to ensure such groups or individuals equal enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms shall not be deemed racial discrimination, provided, however, that such measures do not, as a consequence, lead to the maintenance of separate rights for different racial groups and that they shall not be continued after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved.

Article 2

1. States Parties condemn racial discrimination and undertake to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and promoting understanding among all races, and, to this end: (a) Each State Party undertakes to engage in no act or practice of racial discrimination against persons, groups of persons or institutions and to en sure that all public authorities and public institutions, national and local, shall act in conformity with this obligation; (b) Each State Party undertakes not to sponsor, defend or support racial discrimination by any persons or organizations; 

(c) Each State Party shall take effective measures to review governmental, national and local policies, and to amend, rescind or nullify any laws and regulations which have the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination wherever it exists; 

(d) Each State Party shall prohibit and bring to an end, by all appropriate means, including legislation as required by circumstances, racial discrimination by any persons, group or organization; 

(e) Each State Party undertakes to encourage, where appropriate, integrationist multiracial organizations and movements and other means of eliminating barriers between races, and to discourage anything which tends to strengthen racial division. 


2. States Parties shall, when the circumstances so warrant, take, in the social, economic, cultural and other fields, special and concrete measures to ensure the adequate development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them, for the purpose of guaranteeing them the full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. These measures shall in no case en tail as a con sequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved. 
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Article 3

States Parties particularly condemn racial segregation and apartheid and undertake to prevent, prohibit and eradicate all practices of this nature in territories under their jurisdiction. 

Article 4

States Parties condemn all propaganda and all organizations which are based on ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin, or which attempt to justify or promote racial hatred and discrimination in any form, and undertake to adopt immediate and positive measures designed to eradicate all incitement to, or acts of, such discrimination and, to this end, with due regard to the principles embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the rights expressly set forth in article 5 of this Convention, inter alia: 

(a) Shall declare an offence punishable by law all dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another colour or ethnic origin, and also the provision of any assistance to racist activities, including the financing thereof; 

(b) Shall declare illegal and prohibit organizations, and also organized and all other propaganda activities, which promote and incite racial discrimination, and shall recognize participation in such organizations or activities as an offence punishable by law; 

(c) Shall not permit public authorities or public institutions, national or local, to promote or incite racial discrimination. 

Article 5

In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights: 

(a) The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering justice; 

(b) The right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual group or institution; 

(c) Political rights, in particular the right to participate in elections-to vote and to stand for election-on the basis of universal and equal suffrage, to take part in the Government as well as in the conduct of public affairs at any level and to have equal access to public service; 

(d) Other civil rights, in particular: 

(i) The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the State; 

(ii) The right to leave any country, including one's own, and to return to one's country; 

(iii) The right to nationality; 

(iv) The right to marriage and choice of spouse; 

(v) The right to own property alone as well as in association with others; 

(vi) The right to inherit; 

(vii) The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; 

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(viii) The right to freedom of opinion and expression; 

(ix) The right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association; 

(e) Economic, social and cultural rights, in particular: 

(i) The rights to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work, to protection against unemployment, to equal pay for equal work, to just and favourable remuneration; 

(ii) The right to form and join trade unions; 

(iii) The right to housing; 

(iv) The right to public health, medical care, social security and social services; 

(v) The right to education and training; 

(vi) The right to equal participation in cultural activities; 

(f) The right of access to any place or service intended for use by the general public, such as transport hotels, restaurants, cafes, theatres and parks. 

Article 6

States Parties shall assure to everyone within their jurisdiction effective protection and remedies, through the competent national tribunals and other State institutions, against any acts of racial discrimination which violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary to this Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and adequate reparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such discrimination. 

Article 7

States Parties undertake to adopt immediate and effective measures, particularly in the fields of teaching, education, culture and information, with a view to combating prejudices which lead to racial discrimination and to promoting understanding, tolerance and friendship among nations and racial or ethnical groups, as well as to propagating the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and this Convention. 

PART II


Article 8

1. There shall be established a Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) consisting of eighteen experts of high moral standing and acknowledged impartiality elected by States Parties from among their nationals, who shall serve in their personal capacity, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution and to the representation of the different forms of civilization as well as of the principal legal systems. 2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by the States Parties. Each State Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals. 

3. The initial election shall be held six months after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. At least three months before the date of each election the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within two months. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties. 

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4. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at a meeting of States Parties convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. At that meeting, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be nominees who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting. 

5. 

(a) The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. However, the terms of nine of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately after the first election the names of these nine members shall be chosen by lot by the Chairman of the Committee; 

(b) For the filling of casual vacancies, the State Party whose expert has ceased to function as a member of the Committee shall appoint another expert from among its nationals, subject to the approval of the Committee. 

6. States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the members of the Committee while they are in performance of Committee duties. 

Article 9

1. States Parties undertake to submit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for consideration by the Committee, a report on the legislative, judicial, administrative or other measures which they have adopted and which give effect to the provisions of this Convention: (a) within one year after the entry into force of the Convention for the State concerned; and 

(b) thereafter every two years and whenever the Committee so requests. The Committee may request further information from the States Parties. 

2. The Committee shall report annually, through the Secretary General, to the General Assembly of the United Nations on its activities and may make suggestions and general recommendations based on the examination of the reports and information received from the States Parties. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be reported to the General Assembly together with comments, if any, from States Parties. 

Article 10

1. The Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure. 2. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. 

3. The secretariat of the Committee shall be provided by the Secretary General of the United Nations. 

4. The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters. 

Article 11

1. If a State Party considers that another State Party is not giving effect to the provisions of this Convention, it may bring the matter to the attention of the Committee. The Committee shall then transmit the communication to the State Party concerned. Within three months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State. 2. If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both parties, either by bilateral negotiations or by any other procedure open to them, within six months after the receipt by the receiving State of the initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter again to the Committee by notifying the Committee and also the other State. 

3. The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article after it has ascertained that all available domestic remedies have been invoked and exhausted in the
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case, in conformity with the generally recognized principles of international law. This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged. 

4. In any matter referred to it, the Committee may call upon the States Parties concerned to supply any other relevant information. 

5. When any matter arising out of this article is being considered by the Committee, the States Parties concerned shall be entitled to send a representative to take part in the proceedings of the Committee, without voting rights, while the matter is under consideration. 

Article 12

1. (a) After the Committee has obtained and collated all the information it deems necessary, the Chairman shall appoint an ad hoc Conciliation Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Commission) comprising five persons who may or may not be members of the Committee. The members of the Commission shall be appointed with the unanimous consent of the parties to the dispute, and its good offices shall be made available to the States concerned with a view to an amicable solution of the matter on the basis of respect for this Convention; (b) If the States parties to the dispute fail to reach agreement within three months on all or part of the composition of the Commission, the members of the Commission not agreed upon by the States parties to the dispute shall be elected by secret ballot by a two-thirds majority vote of the Committee from among its own members. 

2. The members of the Commission shall serve in their personal capacity. They shall not be nationals of the States parties to the dispute or of a State not Party to this Convention. 3. The Commission shall elect its own Chairman and adopt its own rules of procedure. 

4. The meetings of the Commission shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters or at any other convenient place as determined by the Commission. 

5. The secretariat provided in accordance with article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convention shall also service the Commission whenever a dispute among States Parties brings the Commission into being. 

6. The States parties to the dispute shall share equally all the expenses of the members of the Commission in accordance with estimates to be provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 

7. The Secretary-General shall be empowered to pay the expenses of the members of the Commission, if necessary, before reimbursement by the States parties to the dispute in accordance with paragraph 6 of this article. 

8. The information obtained and collated by the Committee shall be made available to the Commission, and the Commission may call upon the States concerned to supply any other relevant information. 

Article 13

1. When the Commission has fully considered the matter, it shall prepare and submit to the Chairman of the Committee a report embodying its findings on all questions of fact relevant to the issue between the parties and containing such recommendations as it may think proper for the amicable solution of the dispute. 2. The Chairman of the Committee shall communicate the report of the Commission to each of the States parties to the dispute. These States shall, within three months, inform the Chairman of the Committee whether or not they accept the recommendations contained in the report of the Commission. 

3. After the period provided for in paragraph 2 of this article, the Chairman of the Committee shall communicate the report of the Commission and the declarations of the States Parties concerned to the other States Parties to this Convention. 

Article 14

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1. A State Party may at any time declare that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from individuals or groups of individuals within its jurisdiction claiming to be victims of a violation by that State Party of any of the rights set forth in this Convention. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration. 2. Any State Party which makes a declaration as provided for in paragraph I of this article may establish or indicate a body within its national legal order which shall be competent to receive and consider petitions from individuals and groups of individuals within its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation of any of the rights set forth in this Convention and who have exhausted other available local remedies. 

3. A declaration made in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article and the name of any body established or indicated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article shall be deposited by the State Party concerned with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the SecretaryGeneral, but such a withdrawal shall not affect communications pending before the Committee. 

4. A register of petitions shall be kept by the body established or indicated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, and certified copies of the register shall be filed annually through appropriate channels with the Secretary-General on the understanding that the contents shall not be publicly disclosed. 

5. In the event of failure to obtain satisfaction from the body established or indicated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the petitioner shall have the right to communicate the matter to the Committee within six months. 

6. 

(a) The Committee shall confidentially bring any communication referred to it to the attention of the State Party alleged to be violating any provision of this Convention, but the identity of the individual or groups of individuals concerned shall not be revealed without his or their express consent. The Committee shall not receive anonymous communications; 

(b) Within three months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State. 

7. 

(a) The Committee shall consider communications in the light of all information made available to it by the State Party concerned and by the petitioner. The Committee shall not consider any communication from a petitioner unless it has ascertained that the petitioner has exhausted all available domestic remedies. However, this shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged; 

(b) The Committee shall forward its suggestions and recommendations, if any, to the State Party concerned and to the petitioner. 

8. The Committee shall include in its annual report a summary of such communications and, where appropriate, a summary of the explanations and statements of the States Parties concerned and of its own suggestions and recommendations. 9. The Committee shall be competent to exercise the functions provided for in this article only when at least ten States Parties to this Convention are bound by declarations in accordance with paragraph I of this article. 

Article 15

1 . Pending the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, the provisions of this Convention shall in no way limit the right of petition granted to these peoples by other international instruments or by the United Nations and its specialized agencies. 2. 

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(a) The Committee established under article 8, paragraph 1, of this Convention shall receive copies of the petitions from, and submit expressions of opinion and recommendations on these petitions to, the bodies of the United Nations which deal with matters directly related to the principles and objectives of this Convention in their consideration of petitions from the inhabitants of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories and all other territories to which General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) applies, relating to matters covered by this Convention which are before these bodies; 

(b) The Committee shall receive from the competent bodies of the United Nations copies of the reports concerning the legislative, judicial, administrative or other measures directly related to the principles and objectives of this Convention applied by the administering Powers within the Territories mentioned in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, and shall express opinions and make recommendations to these bodies. 

3. The Committee shall include in its report to the General Assembly a summary of the petitions and reports it has received from United Nations bodies, and the expressions of opinion and recommendations of the Committee relating to the said petitions and reports. 4. The Committee shall request from the Secretary-General of the United Nations all information relevant to the objectives of this Convention and available to him regarding the Territories mentioned in paragraph 2 (a) of this article. 

Article 16

The provisions of this Convention concerning the settlement of disputes or complaints shall be applied without prejudice to other procedures for settling disputes or complaints in the field of discrimination laid down in the constituent instruments of, or conventions adopted by, the United Nations and its specialized agencies, and shall not prevent the States Parties from having recourse to other procedures for settling a dispute in accordance with general or special international agreements in force between them. 

PART III



Article 17

1. This Convention is open for signature by any State Member of the United Nations or member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State which has been invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Party to this Convention. 2. This Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 

Article 18

1. This Convention shall be open to accession by any State referred to in article 17, paragraph 1, of the Convention. 2. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 

Article 19

1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twenty-seventh instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. 2. For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twenty-seventh instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. 

Article 20

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1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive and circulate to all States which are or may become Parties to this Convention reservations made by States at the time of ratification or accession. Any State which objects to the reservation shall, within a period of ninety days from the date of the said communication, notify the Secretary-General that it does not accept it. 2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of this Convention shall not be permitted, nor shall a reservation the effect of which would inhibit the operation of any of the bodies established by this Convention be allowed. A reservation shall be considered incompatible or inhibitive if at least two thirds of the States Parties to this Convention object to it. 

3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by notification to this effect addressed to the SecretaryGeneral. Such notification shall take effect on the date on which it is received. 

Article 21

A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciation shall take effect one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General. 

Article 22

Any dispute between two or more States Parties with respect to the interpretation or application of this Convention, which is not settled by negotiation or by the procedures expressly provided for in this Convention, shall, at the request of any of the parties to the dispute, be referred to the International Court of Justice for decision, unless the disputants agree to another mode of settlement. 

Article 23

1. A request for the revision of this Convention may be made at any time by any State Party by means of a notification in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. The General Assembly of the United Nations shall decide upon the steps, if any, to be taken in respect of such a request. 

Article 24

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in article 17, paragraph 1, of this Convention of the following particulars: 

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under articles 17 and 18; 

(b) The date of entry into force of this Convention under article 19; 

(c) Communications and declarations received under articles 14, 20 and 23; 

(d) Denunciations under article 21. 

Article 25

1. This Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of this Convention to all States belonging to any of the categories mentioned in article 17, paragraph 1, of the Convention.

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ini adalah piagam Madinah

• Fasal 1

Dengan nama Allah yang Maha Pemurah Lagi Penyayang : Inilah kitab (Piagam Bertulis) daripada Nabi Muhammad, pesuruh Allah bagi orang-orang yang beriman dan orang-orang yang memeluk Islam dari Quraisy dengan penduduk Yathrib dan orang-orang yang bersama mereka lalu masuk ke dalam golongan mereka dan berjuang bersama-sama mereka.^[1]

• Fasal 2

Bahawa mereka adalah satu umat (bangsa) berbeza dari manusia-manusia lain.

• Fasal 3

Golongan Muhajirin dari Quraisy tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka : mereka saling tanggung-menanggung membayar dan menerima diyat (wang tebusan) di antara sesama mereka dalam mana mereka menebus sesiapa yang tertawan dengan cara berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang beriman.

• Fasal 4

Bani Auf (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka dalam mana mereka bersama-sama tanggung-menanggung membayar serta menerima wang tebusan seperti dulu; dan setiap taifah (golongan) tetaplah menebus sesiapa yang tertawan dari kalangan mereka sendiri dengan cara berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 5

Bani al-Harith (dari Yathrib – Madinah) bin al-Khazraj tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebusan darah seperti dulu, dan tia-tiap puak dari (Suku Khazraj) hendaklah membayar wang tebusandarah mereka sendiri dengan adil dan berkebajikan di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 6

Bani Saidah (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebusan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 7

Bani Jusyam (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebuan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 8

Banu al-Najjar (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebuan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 9

Bani Amru bin Auf tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebuan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 10

Bani al-Nabiet (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebuan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 11

Bani Aus (dari Yathrib) tetaplah di atas pegangan lama mereka bersama-sama bertanggungjawab membayar wang tebuan darah seperti dahulu dan tiap-tiap puak dari mereka hendaklah membayar wang tebusan darah untuk mereka sendiri dengan berkebajikan dan adil di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman.

• Fasal 12

Bahawa orang-orang yang beriman tidaklah boleh membiarkan sebarang masalah di antara mereka sendiri bahkan mestilah sama-sama bertanggungjawab memberi sumbangan, dengan berkebajikan untuk menbayar wang tebusan darah dengan adil.

• • Fasal 12-b

Hendaklah seseorang yang beriman itu tidak membuat apa-apa perjanjian dengan orang yang di bawah kawalan seseorang yang beriman yang lain dengan tidak mendapat persetujuan terlebih dahulu.

• Fasal 13

Bahawa orang-orang beriman lagi bertaqwa hendaklah menentang sesiapa yang membuat kesalahan, melanggar kesusilaan, melakukan kezaliman atau dosa atau perseteruan atau kerosakan di kalangan orang-orang beriman, dan mereka hendaklah bersatu bersama-sama menentang orang tersebut walaupun jika orang itu anak kepada salah seorang dari mereka.

• Fasal 14

Tidak sayugianya seseorang mukmin itu membunuh seorang mukmin lain kerana seorang kafir, tidak sayugianya ia menolong mana-mana kafir terhadap seseorang mukmin.

• Fasal 15

Bahawa jaminan Allah itu adalah satu dan sama; ia melindungi nasib orang yang lemah dari perbuatan mereka; dan bahawa orang-orang Mukmin hendaklah salinh menjamin sesama sendiri terhadap (gangguan) orang lain.

• Fasal 16

Bahawa orang-orang Yahudi yang menyertai kita hendaklah mendapatkan pertolongan dan pimpinan dengan tidak menzalimi dan tidak boleh ada pakatan tidak baik terhadap mereka.

• Fasal 17

Bahawa perdamaian orang-orang mukmin itu adalah satu dan sama, oleh itu tidak boleh dibuat perjanjian dengan mana-mana orang mukmin tanpa diturut serta oleh mukmin yang lain dalam sesuatu perang pada jalan Allah, melainkan dengan dasar persamaan dan keadilan di kalangan mereka.

• Fasal 18

Bahawa setiap serangan kita hendaklah dikira sebagai serangan terhadap semua, oleh itu hendaklah disilihgantikan tenaga menentangnya.

• Fasal 19

Bahawa orang mukmin hendaklah saling membela sesama mereka atas setiap darah yang tumpah pada jalan Allah.

• Fasal 20

Bahawa orang-orang mukmin lagi bertaqwa hendaklah teguh di atas sebaik-baik petunjuk dan seteguh-teguhnya.

• • Fasal 20-b

Nahawa tidak boleh mana-mana orang musyrik melindungi harta orang-orang Quraisy dan tidak juga nyawa mereka dan tidak boleh menghalang orang mukmin (akan haknya)

• Fasal 21

Barangsiapa membunuh dengan sewenang-wenangnya akan seorang mukmin dengan tidak ada bukti yang cukup (alasan yang membolehkan pembunuhan itu berlaku) hendaklah dihukum bunuh balas kecuali dipersetuji oleh wali yang kena bunuh menerima ganti darah. Semua orang mukmin hendaklah bersatu suara mengutuk perbuatan itu, bahkan tidak harus bagi mereka menegakkan terhadapnya.^[2]

• Fasal 22

Bahawa tidak harus bagi mana-mana orang mukmin yang mengakui isi kandungan Piagam ini, dan percaya Allah dan Hari Kemudian, menolong mana-mana orang yang mencabul ataupun melindungi orang itu. Barangsiapa menolong orang itu maka keatasnya laknat Allah dan kemurkaanNya pada hari Kiamat kelak, dan tidak akan diterima darinya sebarang tebusan dan tidak juga sebarang taubat.

• Fasal 23

Berbalah walau bagaimanapun kamu dalam sesuatu perkara hendaklah merujukkan perkara itu kepada Allah dan Nabi Muhammad.

• Fasal 24

Bahawa orang-orang Yahudi hendaklah turut serta membelanja sama-sama dengan orang-orang mukmin selama mana mereka itu berperang

• Fasal 25

Bahawa kaum Yahudi dari Bani Auf adalah satu ummah bersama orang-orang mukmin, mereka bebas dengan agama mereka sendiri (Yahudi) dan orang Islam dengan agama mereka (Islam), begitu juga orang-orang yang sekutu mereka dan begitu juga diri mereka sendiri, melainkan sesiapa yang zalim dan berbuat dosa maka hal itu tidak akan menimpa melainkan dirinya dan keluarganya sendiri

• Fasal 26

Yahudi Bani al-Najjar (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf.

• Fasal 27

Yahudi Bani al-Harith (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf.

• Fasal 28

Yahudi Bani al-Saidah (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf.

• Fasal 29

Yahudi Bani Jusyaim (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf.

• Fasal 30

Yahudi Bani al-Aus (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf.

• Fasal 31

Yahudi Bani Tha’alabah (diperlakukan sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf, kecuali orang-orang zalim dan orang yang berbuat dosa maka hal itu tidak akan menimpa melainkan diri dan keluarganya sendiri.

• Fasal 32

Bahawa suku Jafnah yang bertalian keturunan dengan Yahudi Tha’alabah (diperlakukan) sama dengan mereka itu (Bani Tha’alabah)

• Fasal 33

Bani Shutaibah (diperlakukan) sama dengan Yahudi Bani Auf, dan sikap yang baik hendaklah membendung segala kejahatan.

• Fasal 34

Bahawa orang-orang yang bersekutu dengan Yahudi Bani Tha’alabah (diperlakukan) sama dengan mereka itu.

• Fasal 35

Bahawa para pegawai kepada orang-orang Yahudi (diperlakukan) sama dengan orang-orang Yahudi itu sendiri.

• Fasal 36

Tiada seorang pun yang menyertai Piagam ini boleh menarik diri keluar dari pakatan mereka melainkan dengan persetujuan dari (Nabi) Muhammad.

• • Fasal 36-b

Tidak boleh disekat dari membuat kelukaan yang dilakukan oleh mana-mana orang ke atas dirinya, barang siapa membuat kejahatan maka balasannya adalah dirinya dan keluarganya kecuali orang yang dizalimi dan bahawa Allah akan melindungi orang yang menghormati piagam ini.

• Fasal 37

Bahawa orang-orang Yahudi hendaklah menbiayai negara seperti mana orang-orang mukmin juga hendaklah membiayai negara; dan hendaklah mereka sama0sama tolong-menolong menentang sesiapa jua yang memerangi orang-orang yang menganggotai Piagam ini; dan hendaklah mereka saling nasihat-menasihati, sama-sama membuat kebajikan terhadap perbuatan dosa.

• • Fasal 37-b

Mana-mana orang tidaklah boleh dianggap bersalah kerana kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh sekutunya; dan pertolongan hendaklah diberi kepada orang yang dizalimi.

• Fasal 38

Bahawa orang-orang Yahudi hendaklah memikul biayaan bersama-sama orang mukmin selama mana mereka berada dalam keadaan perang

• Fasal 39

Bahawa Kota Yathrib adalah terpelihara sempadannya tidak boleh dicerobohi oleh mana-mana pihak yang menganggotai piagam ini

• Fasal 40

Bahawa jiran tetangga hendaklah diperlaku sebagai diri sendiri, tidak boleh dilakukan terhadapnya sebarang bahaya dan dosa.

• Fasal 41

Tidak boleh dihampiri sebarang kehormatan (wanita) melainkan dengan izin keluarganya sendiri.

• Fasal 42

Bahawa apa juga kemungkaran (bunuh) atau apa juga pertengkaran di antara sesama peserta piagam ini sekira-kira dikhuatiri membawa bencana maka hendaklah dirujukkan kepada hukum Allah dan kepada penyelesaian oleh Muhammad pesuruh Allah, Allah menyaksikan kebaikan isi kandungan piagam ini dan merestuinya

• Fasal 43

Bahawa tidaklah boleh diberi bantuan perlindungan kepada Quraisy (musuh), begitu juga tidak boleh diberi perlindungan kepada orang-orang yang membantunya.

• Fasal 44

Bahawa hendaklah bantu-membantu mempertahankan kota Yathrib daripada mana-mana pihak yang mencerobohnya.

• Fasal 45

Apabila mereka diajak untuk berdamai atau untuk masuk campur dalam satu-satu perdamaian maka hendaklah mereka bersedia berdamai atau masuk campur ke dalam perdamaian itu; dan bila mana mereka diajak berbuat demikian maka orang-orang mukmin hendaklah merestuinya kecuali terhadap orang-orang yang memerangi agama (Islam).

• Fasal 46

Bahawa orang-orang Yahudi Aus sendiri dan begitu juga orang-orang yang bersekutu dengan mereka hendaklah memikul kewajipan sama seperti mana pihak-pihak yang lain yang menganggotai ini demi kebaikan mereka semata-mata (perdamaian) dari anggota-anggota piagam ini. Dan mereka hendaklah berbuat kebajikan dengan tidak melakukan dosa kerana barang siapa yang berbuat sesuatu maka dialah yang menanggungnya sendiri. Dan Allah menyaksi akan kebenaran isi kandungan Piagam ini dan merestuinya.

• Fasal 47

Bahawa piagam ini tidak boleh dipakai bagi melindungi orang-orang zalim dan yang bersalah; dan bahawa –mulai dari saat ini barang siapa berpergiaan dari kota Madinah atau menetap di dalamnya adalah terjamin keselamatannya kecuali orang-orang yang zalim atau bersalah. Dan bahawa Allah merestui setiap orang yang membuat kebajikan dan bertakwa dan bahawa Muhammad hendaklah diakui Pesuruh Allah.